Present perfect tense
FORM :
[has/have + past participle]
Examples:
You have seen that movie many times.
Have you seen that movie many times?
You have not seen that movie many times.
Positive
I have traveled.
You have traveled.
We have traveled.
They have traveled.
He has traveled.
She has traveled.
It has traveled.
Negative
I have not traveled.
You have not traveled.
We have not traveled.
They have not traveled.
He has not traveled.
She has not traveled.
It has not traveled.
Question
Have I traveled?
Have you traveled?
Have we traveled?
Have they traveled?
Has he traveled?
Has she traveled?
Has it traveled?
Who has stolen the money?
Whom has she given the book for?
Where have you gone this morning?
Why have they killed the snake?
What have I done to deserve this?
How has he finished this job?
How to use present perfect tense
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
Examples:
I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to Mars.
Have you read the book yet?
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.
TOPIC 1 Experience
Examples:
I have been to France.
This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.
I have been to France three times.
You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
I have never been to France.
This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
I think I have seen that movie before.
He has never traveled by train.
Joan has studied two foreign languages.
A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him
TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
Examples:
You have grown since the last time I saw you.
The government has become more interested in arts education.
Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.
My English has really improved since I moved to Australia
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
Examples:
Man has walked on the Moon.
Our son has learned how to read.
Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Scientists have split the atom.
TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
Examples:
James has not finished his homework yet.
Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
Bill has still not arrived.
The rain hasn't stopped
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times
Examples:
The army has attacked that city five times.
I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
We have had many major problems while working on this project.
She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.
Time Expressions with Present Perfect
Examples:
Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
They have had three tests in the last week.
She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far.
My car has broken down three times this week.
USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
Examples:
I have had a cold for two weeks.
She has been in England for six months.
Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.
Reaksi:
Perbedaan simple past tense dengan present perfect tense
1. simple past tense dipakai saat keterangan waktunya sudah selesai, sedangkan present perfect dipakai saat keterangan waktunya belum selesai/masih berlanjut.
Contoh:
I bought 3 books last week. (simple past-last week sudah berlalu)
I have bought 3 books this week. (present perfect-this week belum berlalu, masih berlangsung)
2. simple past dipakai untuk memberitahu kejadian yg sudah lama, sedangkan present perfect untuk memberitahu kejadian yg baru saja terjadi.
Contoh:
He finished his school last month. (simple past-sudah lama lulus)
He has finished his school. (present perfect-baru aja lulus)
3. simple past keterangan waktunya jelas, sedangkan present perfect keterangan waktunya kurang jelas.
Contoh:
I went to the library last night. (simple past-ket.waktu:last night)
I have gone to the library. (present perfect-tidak jelas ket. waktunya)
4. present perfect menggunakan 'for' dan 'since' saat kegiatannya masih berlanjut.
FORM :
[has/have + past participle]
Examples:
You have seen that movie many times.
Have you seen that movie many times?
You have not seen that movie many times.
Positive
I have traveled.
You have traveled.
We have traveled.
They have traveled.
He has traveled.
She has traveled.
It has traveled.
Negative
I have not traveled.
You have not traveled.
We have not traveled.
They have not traveled.
He has not traveled.
She has not traveled.
It has not traveled.
Question
Have I traveled?
Have you traveled?
Have we traveled?
Have they traveled?
Has he traveled?
Has she traveled?
Has it traveled?
Who has stolen the money?
Whom has she given the book for?
Where have you gone this morning?
Why have they killed the snake?
What have I done to deserve this?
How has he finished this job?
How to use present perfect tense
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
Examples:
I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to Mars.
Have you read the book yet?
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.
TOPIC 1 Experience
Examples:
I have been to France.
This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.
I have been to France three times.
You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
I have never been to France.
This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
I think I have seen that movie before.
He has never traveled by train.
Joan has studied two foreign languages.
A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him
TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
Examples:
You have grown since the last time I saw you.
The government has become more interested in arts education.
Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.
My English has really improved since I moved to Australia
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
Examples:
Man has walked on the Moon.
Our son has learned how to read.
Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Scientists have split the atom.
TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
Examples:
James has not finished his homework yet.
Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
Bill has still not arrived.
The rain hasn't stopped
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times
Examples:
The army has attacked that city five times.
I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
We have had many major problems while working on this project.
She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.
Time Expressions with Present Perfect
Examples:
Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
They have had three tests in the last week.
She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far.
My car has broken down three times this week.
USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
Examples:
I have had a cold for two weeks.
She has been in England for six months.
Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.
Reaksi:
Perbedaan simple past tense dengan present perfect tense
1. simple past tense dipakai saat keterangan waktunya sudah selesai, sedangkan present perfect dipakai saat keterangan waktunya belum selesai/masih berlanjut.
Contoh:
I bought 3 books last week. (simple past-last week sudah berlalu)
I have bought 3 books this week. (present perfect-this week belum berlalu, masih berlangsung)
2. simple past dipakai untuk memberitahu kejadian yg sudah lama, sedangkan present perfect untuk memberitahu kejadian yg baru saja terjadi.
Contoh:
He finished his school last month. (simple past-sudah lama lulus)
He has finished his school. (present perfect-baru aja lulus)
3. simple past keterangan waktunya jelas, sedangkan present perfect keterangan waktunya kurang jelas.
Contoh:
I went to the library last night. (simple past-ket.waktu:last night)
I have gone to the library. (present perfect-tidak jelas ket. waktunya)
4. present perfect menggunakan 'for' dan 'since' saat kegiatannya masih berlanjut.
